- Aug 29, 2019 To run Mac apps on Linux, you’ll need some sort of virtual machine or translation layer. Run a macOS Virtual Machine (All Apps) The most reliable way to run Mac apps on Linux is through a virtual machine. With a free, open-source hypervisor application like VirtualBox, you can run macOS on a virtual device on your Linux machine.
- Nov 30, 2016 Compile Standalone executable. In order to get.exe you have to run pyinstaller on Windows, to get Linux or Mac standalone, you have to compile your script on the corresponding platform. On Windows: Usually, I would use this line to compile fairly simple python scripts to standalone executables. Run the following command in cmd.
- Compile Linux C, C app directly on Android; Install, Run Linux apps on Android. How to Compile, Run Linus Apps on Android. Install BusyBox from Play Store (requires root). If you don’t have Root access, you can follow steps mentioned in the video which involves adb push for busybox binary to /data/ and setting permissions.
- Jun 22, 2020 You’ll be able to run Linux and Docker on an ARM Mac. As a bonus, users will also be able to access a much larger library of apps. “Mac users can for the first time run iOS and iPadOS apps on.
I have the urge to commit my 24' Core 2 Duo iMac to a single Linux operating system, thus giving up the goodness of my beloved Mac OS X. I am not a stranger to Linux, but I am a stranger to running Mac apps on Linux. On my PowerPC I can use SheepShaver to run Classic apps. The Mac-on-Linux project c.
- Create a new project
- Create and run
- macOS-specific support
- Entitlements and the App Sandbox
- Plugin support
Desktop support allows you to compile Flutter source codeto a native macOS or Linux desktop app. Flutter’s desktopsupport also extends to plugins—you can install existing plugins that support the macOS or Linux platforms,or you can create your own.
Warning:Work in progress! This page covers desktop support for macOS and Linux, which are available as alpha-quality features in the Flutter dev channel. Windows platform support is still under development.
These platforms still have notable feature gaps, including accessibility support. We strongly recommend that you examine the Desktop shells page in the Flutter wiki to understand known limitations and ongoing work.
Note: To compile a macOS desktop app, you must build the app on a Mac. To compile a Linux desktop app, you must build the app on Linux. If you experience a problem that hasn’t yet been reported, please file an issue and include “desktop:macos” or “desktop:linux” in the title.
Requirements
To create a Flutter app with desktop support, you need thefollowing software:
- Flutter SDK. See theFlutter SDK installation instructions.
- Optional: An IDE that supports Flutter.You can install Android Studio, IntelliJ IDEA,or Visual Studio Code andinstall the Flutter and Dart pluginsto enable language support and tools for refactoring,running, debugging, and reloading your desktop appwithin an editor. See setting up an editorfor more details.
For macOS desktop development,you need the following in addition to the Flutter SDK:
- CocoaPods if you use plugins
For Linux desktop development,you need the following in addition to the Flutter SDK:
Linux installation varies by distro, buton Ubuntu you might use the following command:
Create a new project
You can use the following stepsto create a new project with desktop support.
Compile Mac Apps On Linux Windows 10
Set up
At the command line, perform the following commands tomake sure that you have the latest desktop support and thatit’s enabled. If you see “flutter: command not found”,then make sure that you have installed theFlutter SDK and that it’s in your path.
Where __ is either `macos` or `linux`:
To ensure that desktop is installed,list the devices available.You should see something like the following(you’ll see either macOS or Linux, not both):
You might also run
flutter doctor
to see if there areany unresolved issues. It should look something likethe following on macOS:![Compile Compile](https://i1.wp.com/geeknizer.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/linux-apps-on-android.jpg?resize=373%2C294)
On Linux, you might see something like the following:
If
flutter doctor
finds problems for a platform you don’tsupport, you can ignore those warnings. You don’t haveto install Android Studio and the Android SDK,for example, if you’re writing a Linux desktop app.After enabling desktop support, restart your IDE.You should now see macOS (desktop) or linux (desktop) in the device pulldown.
Note: You only need to execute
flutter config --enable-<platform>-desktop
once. You can always check the status of your configuration using the no-argument flutter config
command.Create and run
Creating a new project with desktop support is no differentthan creating a new Flutter project for other platforms.
Once you’ve configured your environment for desktopsupport, you can create and run a desktop app eitherin the IDE or from the command line.
IDE
After you’ve configured your environment to supportdesktop, make sure you restart the IDE if it wasalready running.
Create a new app in your IDE and it automaticallycreates iOS, Android, and desktop versions of your app.(And web, too, if you’ve enabled web support.)From the device pulldown, select macOS (desktop)or linux (desktop) and run your app to see itlaunch on the desktop.
Command line
To create a new app that includes desktop support(in addition to mobile support), run the following commands,substituting
myapp
with the name of your project:To launch your app from the command line,enter one of the following from the topof the package:
Note: If there aren’t any other connected devices, the
-d <platform>
tag is optional.Build a release app
To generate a release build run one of the following commands:
In general, we don’t recommend releasing a desktop app untildesktop support is stable.However, if you’re interested in learning how to publisha Linux app to the Snap Store, seeBuild and release a Linux desktop app.
Add desktop support to an existing app
Accounting software for small business free mac. To add desktop support to an existing project,run the following command in a terminal from theroot project directory:
This adds the necessary files and directories to yourFlutter project.
macOS-specific support
The following information applies only to macOS development.
Entitlements and the App Sandbox
macOS builds are configured by default to be signed,and sandboxed with App Sandbox.This means that if you want to confer specificcapabilities or services on your macOS app,such as the following:
- Accessing the internet
- Capturing movies and images from the built-in camera
- Accessing files
Then you must set up specific entitlements in Xcode.The following section tells you how to do this.
Setting up entitlements
Managing sandbox settings is done in the
macos/Runner/*.entitlements
files. When editingthese files, you shouldn’t remove the originalRunner-DebugProfile.entitlements
exceptions(that support incoming network connections and JIT),as they’re necessary for the debug
and profile
modes to function correctly.If you’re used to managing entitlement files throughthe Xcode capabilities UI, be aware that the capabilitieseditor updates only one of the two files or,in some cases, it creates a whole new entitlementsfile and switches the project to use it for all configurations.Either scenario causes issues. We recommend that youedit the files directly. Unless you have a very specificreason, you should always make identical changes to both files.
If you keep the App Sandbox enabled (which is required if youplan to distribute your app in the App Store), you need to manageentitlements for your application when you add certain pluginsor other native functionality. For instance, using the
file_chooser
plugin requires adding either thecom.apple.security.files.user-selected.read-only
orcom.apple.security.files.user-selected.read-write
entitlement.Another common entitlement is com.apple.security.network.client
,which you must add if you make any network requests.Important: The
com.apple.security.network.server
entitlement, which allows incoming network connections, is enabled by default only for debug
and profile
builds to enable communications between Flutter tools and a running app. If you need to allow incoming network requests in your application, you must add the com.apple.security.network.server
entitlement to Runner-Release.entitlements
as well, otherwise your app will work correctly for debug or profile testing, but will fail with release builds.For more information on these topics,see App Sandbox and Entitlementson the Apple Developer site.
Hardened runtime
If you choose to distribute your application outsideof the App Store, you need to notarize your applicationfor compatibility with macOS 10.15+.This requires enabling the Hardened Runtime option.Once you have enabled it, you need a valid signingcertificate in order to build.
By default, the entitlements file allows JIT for debug builds but,as with App Sandbox, you may need to manage other entitlements.If you have both App Sandbox and Hardened Runtime enabled,you may need to add multiple entitlements for the same resource.For instance, microphone access would require both
com.apple.security.device.audio-input
(for Hardened Runtime)and com.apple.security.device.microphone
(for App Sandbox).For more information on this topic,see Hardened Runtime on the Apple Developer site.
Plugin support
Flutter on the desktop supports using and creating plugins.
To use a plugin that supports desktop,follow the steps for plugins in using packages.Flutter automatically adds the necessary native codeto your project, as with iOS or Android.
We recommend the following plugins, which have beenupdated to work for macOS and Linux desktop apps:
Use the following links to find all packages on pub.devthat support desktop apps. These links lists all packages,not just plugin packages. (Remember that plugin packages,or plugins, provide an interface to platform-specific services.)
Creating a plugin
Federated plugins are a recent addition toFlutter’s plugin support. They allow you toseparate functionality for different platformsinto different packages; so the Androidimplementation can be in one package,and the macOS implementation in another.Desktop plugins are perfectly suitedto be implemented as part of a federatedplugin. For more information, seethe following resources:
- Developing packages and plugins, including theFederated plugins section.
- How to write a Flutter web plugin, part 2,covers the structure of federated plugins andcontains information applicable to desktopplugins.
- Modern Flutter Plugin Development coversrecent enhancements to Flutter’s plugin support.
Samples and codelabs
- Write a Flutter desktop application
- A codelab that walks you through buildinga desktop app (for macOS and Linux) thatintegrates the GitHub GraphQL API with yourFlutter app.
You can run the following samples as desktop apps,as well as download and inspect the source code tolearn more about Flutter desktop support.
- Flutter Gallery running web app, repo
- A samples project hosted on GitHub to help developersevaluate and use Flutter. The Gallery consists of acollection of Material design widgets, behaviors,and vignettes implemented with Flutter.You can clone the project and run Gallery as a desktop appby following the instructions provided in the README.
- Photo Search app
- A sample app built as a desktop application(for both macOS and Linux) that usesthe following desktop-supported plugins:
What’s next
Stay tuned for updates on desktop support!We continue to develop support for macOS,Windows, and Linux.
Watch the Desktop shells page on the Flutter wikifor more information and ongoing updates.
Linux users who want to run Windows applications without switching operating systems have been able to do so for years with Wine, software that lets apps designed for Windows run on Unix-like systems.
There has been no robust equivalent allowing Mac applications to run on Linux, perhaps no surprise given that Windows is far and away the world's most widely used desktop operating system. A developer from Prague named Luboš Doležel is trying to change that with 'Darling,' an emulation layer for OS X.
'The aim is to achieve binary compatible support for Darwin/OS X applications on Linux, plus provide useful tools that will aid especially in application installation,' Doležel's project page states. Darwin is Apple's open source operating system, which provides some of the backend technology in OS X and iOS. The name 'Darling' combines Darwin and Linux. Darling works by 'pars[ing] executable files for the Darwin kernel.. load[ing] them into the memory.. and execut[ing] them.'
But there is a ways to go. 'Darling needs to provide an ABI-compatible [application binary interface] set of libraries and frameworks as available on OS X.. by either directly mapping functions to those available on Linux, wrapping native functions to bridge the ABI incompatibility, or providing a re-implementation on top of other native APIs,' the project page notes.
Doležel, who started Darling a year ago, described the project and its progress in an e-mail interview with Ars. Darling is in the early stages, able to run numerous console applications but not much else. 'These are indeed the easiest ones to get working, albeit 'easy' is not the right word to describe the amount of work required to achieve that,' Doležel said. 'Such applications include: Midnight Commander, Bash, VIM, or Apple's GCC [GNU Compiler Collection]. I know it doesn't sound all that great, but it proves that Darling provides a solid base for further work.'
Users must compile Darling from the source code and then 'use the 'dyld' command to run an OS X executable,' Doležel said. One roadblock is actually getting Mac .dmg and .pkg application files working on a Linux system. Because doing so isn't that straightforward, Doležel said, 'I've written a FUSE module that enables users to mount .dmg files under Linux directly and without root privileges. An installer for .pkg files is underway.'
Unix/Linux synergy
The fact that OS X is a Unix operating system provides advantages in the development process. 'This saved me a lot of work,' Doležel explained. 'Instead of implementing all the 'system' APIs, it was sufficient to create simple wrappers around the ones available on Linux. I had to check every function for ABI compatibility and then test whether my wrapper works, so it wasn't as easy as it may sound.'
Another lucky break not available to Wine developers is that Apple releases some of the low-level components of OS X as open source code, 'which helped a lot with the dynamic loader and Objective-C runtime support code,' Doležel noted.
But of course, the project is an extremely difficult one. Doležel isn't the first to try it, as Darling was initially based on a separate project called 'maloader.' Doležel said he heard from another group of people 'who started a similar project before but abandoned the idea due to lack of time.'
How To Run Mac Software On Linux
Doležel was actually a novice to OS X development when he started Darling, being more familiar with OS X from a user's perspective than a developer's perspective. 'I have personally looked for something like Darling before, before I realized I would have to start working on it myself,' he said.
Darling relies heavily on GNUstep, an open source implementation of Apple's Cocoa API. GNUstep provides several core frameworks to Darling, and 'the answer to 'can it run this GUI app?' heavily depends on GNUstep,' Doležel said. Doležel is the only developer of Darling, using up all his spare time on the project.
How To Compile C++ Linux
No reverse-engineering
Doležel isn't reverse-engineering Apple code, noting that it could be problematic in terms of licensing and also that 'disassembling Apple's frameworks wouldn't be helpful at all because Darling and the environment it's running in is layered differently than OS X.'
The development process is a painstaking one, done one application at a time. Doležel explains:
To improve Darling, I first take or write an application I'd like to have running. If it is someone else's application, I first examine it with one of the tools that come with Darling to see what frameworks and APIs it requires. I look up the APIs that are missing in Apple's documentation; then I create stub functions for them and possibly for the rest of the framework, too. (Stub functions only print a warning when they are called but don't do any real work.)
The next step is to implement all the APIs according to the documentation and then see how the application reacts. I also add trace statements into important functions to have an insight into what's happening. I believe this is very much like what Wine developers do.
When things go wrong, I have to use GDB [GNU Debugger] to debug the original application.
It is rather unfortunate that Apple's documentation is often so poorly written; sometimes I have to experiment to figure out what the function really does. Many OS X applications seem to contain complete pieces of example code from Apple's documentation, presumably because one would have to spend a lot of time getting to understand how the APIs interact. This is why I appreciate open source so much—when the documentation is sketchy, you can always look into the code.
Years of development are needed. Similar to Wine, 'Having a list of applications known to be working is probably the best way to go,' Doležel said.
Darling should work on all Linux distributions, he said, with the catch that 'many apps for OS X are 32-bit only, and installing 32-bit packages on a 64-bit Linux system could be tricky depending on your distribution. I personally use Gentoo Linux, so I'm gradually creating a Portage overlay that would compile Darling and all dependencies for both 32-bit and 64-bit applications.'
Doležel would like to bring Angry Birds, other games, and multimedia applications to Linux. Darling could potentially 'be used to run applications compiled for iOS,' he writes on the project site. This will also be a challenge. 'The intention is to support the ARM platform on the lowest levels (the dynamic loader and the Objective-C runtime),' he writes. 'Rewriting the frameworks used on iOS is a whole different story, though.'